RESUMO Racional: A úlcera péptica é considerada problema de saúde pública, associada a perda na qualidade de vida. Não existe esquema terapêutico ideal. A busca de tratamentos alternativos, com uso de alimentos ou plantas que possam ajudar na proteção gástrica, torna-se viável à população, por ser de fácil acesso e baixo custo. Objetivo: Estudar a atividade antiulcerogênica dos extratos de Orbignya phalerata (babaçu) e Euterpe edules (juçara) em ratos Wistar após indução de úlcera péptica e comparar com omeprazol. Método: Quarenta ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: grupo I, II, III, IV (10 ratos) submetidos ao extrato de Orbignya phalerata, Euterpe edules, omeprazol e álcool etílico, respectivamente. Cada grupo de 10 ratos foi dividido em subgrupos de cinco para estudar a profilaxia e tratamento. Resultados: O pré-tratamento com extrato de juçara forneceu proteção significativa contra a ulceração péptica induzida pelo etanol, assim como o omeprazol. Além da proteção contra úlcera péptica, inflamação e neocaplilarização também foram variáveis com significância estatística nos subgrupos profilaxia do omeprazol e da juçara. No subgrupo terapêutico, o omeprazol, juçara e babaçu teve diferença estatística para proteção contra a presença de inflamação e cicatrização de úlcera. Conclusão: Os extratos de juçara e babaçu se comportaram como omeprazol, evidenciando o poder terapêutico desses extratos.

ABSTRACT Background: Peptic ulcer is considered a public health problem associated with loss of quality of life. Does not exist optimal therapeutic regimen. The search for alternative treatments using foods or plants that may assist in gastric protection may become marked in this population because of their easy access and low cost. Aim: To study the antiulcerogenic activity of extracts of Orbignya phalerata (babaçu) and Euterpe edules (juçara) in Wistar rats after induction of peptic ulcer, compared with Omeprazole. Method: Forty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: group I, II, III, IV (10 rats each) subjected to extract of Orbignya phalerata, Euterpe edules, Omeprazole and ethanol, respectively. Each group of 10 rats was divided into subgroups of five for prophylaxis and therapeutic study. Results: The pre-treatment with juçara extract has provided a significant protection against peptic ulcer induced by ethanol. In the prophylactic subgroup, Omeprazole resulted in protection. In addition to protection against peptic ulcer, inflammation and neocapillarization were also variables with a statistical significance in the prophylaxis subgroups using omeprazole and juçara. In the therapeutic subgroup, omeprazole, juçara and babaçu were statistically different as for protection against the presence of inflammation and the healing of ulcers. Conclusion: The extracts of juçara and babaçu behaved as the omeprazole, evidencing the therapeutic activity of these extracts.

PURPOSE: To evaluate wound healing in rats by using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing . METHODS: Forty male, adult, Wistar rats were used, distributed into four groups: LG (received 2 J/cm² of laser therapy); HG (treated with hydrocolloid); LHG (treated with 2 J/cm² of laser therapy and hydrocolloid); and the CG (treated with 1 mL of 0.9% saline). The wound was evaluated at pre-determined periods 3rd and 7th days, considering the macroscopic and histological parameters (inflammatory cells, capillary neoformation, fibroblasts, collagen formation and reepithelialization). RESULTS: The LG group at seven days showed increased collagen formation, the LHG group at 3 days showed mild collagen formation. The HG group and the CG at 7 days showed complete reepithelialization. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy as well as the hydrocolloid dressing have favored the wound-healing process in rats.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of short-chain fatty-acids on atrophy and inflammation of excluded colonic segments before and after the development of diversion colitis. INTRODUCTION: Diversion colitis is a chronic inflammatory process affecting the dysfunctional colon, possibly evolving with mucous and blood discharge. The most favored hypotheses to explain its development is short-chain fatty-acid deficiency in the colon lumen. METHODS: Wistar rats were submitted to colostomy with distal colon exclusion. Two control groups (A1 and B1) received rectally administered physiological saline, whereas two experimental groups (A2 and B2) received rectally administered short-chain fatty-acids. The A groups were prophylactically treated (5th to 40th days postoperatively), whereas the B groups were therapeutically treated (after post-operative day 40). The mucosal thickness of the excluded colon was measured histologically. The inflammatory reaction of the mucosal lamina propria and the lymphoid tissue response were quantified through established scores. RESULTS: There was a significant thickness recovery of the colonic mucosa in group B2 animals (p = 0.0001), which also exhibited a significant reduction in the number of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria (p = 0.0126) and in the intestinal lumen (p = 0.0256). Group A2 showed no mucosal thickness recovery and significant increases in the numbers of lymphocytes (p = 0.0006) and eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria of the mucosa (p = 0.0022). CONCLUSION: Therapeutic use of short-chain fatty-acids significantly reduced eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cell numbers in the intestinal wall and in the colonic lumen; it also reversed the atrophy of the colonic mucosa. Prophylactic use did not impede the development of mucosal atrophy.

O sarcoma embrionário (indiferenciado) é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna incomum e primária do fígado, que acomete principalmente crianças na faixa etária entre 6 e 10 anos de idade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso dessa neoplasia, enfatizando os aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos, bem como revisar a literatura sobre o tema.

Embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma is a primitive and unusual malignant neoplasm of the liver that occurs mainly in children between 6 and 10 years of age. The aim of this case report is to describe one case of this neoplasm, emphasizing clinical and anatomopathological findings as well as review the literature about the theme.

O hemangioma colorretal (HCR) é uma lesão vascular benigna rara, com manifestação clínica geralmente entre 5 e 25 anos de idade. Faz parte do diagnóstico diferencial das causas de hemorragia digestiva baixa, sendo confundido, na maioria das vezes, com entidades mais comuns, como hemorróidas e doenças inflamatórias intestinais. O retardo do diagnóstico ocorre freqüentemente devido ao desconhecimento da doença, com taxas de mortalidade alcançando 40 a 50% na presença de sangramento importante. O caso relatado é de uma paciente de 17 anos de idade, admitida no Serviço de Colo-proctologia do Hospital Universitário - HUUFMA, em setembro de 2005, com anemia e sangramento retal, desde a infância, de forma intermitente e não dolorosa. Apresentado sua história clínica e propedêutica diagnóstica, realizada por meio de exames laboratoriais, endoscopia digestiva alta, colonoscopia e arteriografia de mesentéricas e ilíacas internas. O tratamento cirúrgico realizado foi retossigmoidectomia convencional com anastomose colorretal baixa, com boa evolução pós-operatória, tendo o exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica ressecada, confirmado o diagnostico.

The colon and rectum hemangioma is a rare benign vascular lesion, with clinical features usually between 5 and 25 years of age. It is included in the differential diagnose of the lower digestive bleeding causes, and has been frequently misdiagnosed with other more common entities, like hemorrhoids and bowel inflammatory disease. The late diagnose occurs usually because of the rarity of the disease, with mortality rates reaching 40 to 50% in presence of severe bleeding. We report a case of a 17 years old girl who was admitted at the Coloproctology Service of the Academic Hospital - HUUFMA, in September 2005, with anemia and intermittent rectal bleeding since childhood. Laboratorial findings included laboratorial exams, GI endoscopy, colonoscopy and arteriography of mesenteric and internal iliacs arteries. Conventional rectosigmoidectomy with low colorectal anastomosis was done, with good postoperative evolution and histopathologic examination of the resected specimen.

Schwannomas intracranianos não associados a nervos cranianos são incomuns e raramente encontrados na região subfrontal. Apresentamos raro caso de schwannoma da goteira olfatória, acometendo paciente de 27 anos, masculino, com quadro iniciado há 1 ano com perda da olfação e cefaléia. Ao exame de admissão, apresentava papiledema bilateral e anosmia. Tomografia computadorizada de Cranio (TC) revelou processo expansivo bifrontal hipodenso ao parênquima, com aspecto multicístico, sem captação do contraste iodado, promovendo compressão dos cornos ventriculares frontais. Os achados radiológicos sugeriam meningeoma cístico da goteira olfatória. Foi submetido a craniotomia frontal para descompressão. Um mês após, TC de controle revelou processo expansivo da região da goteira olfatória homogeneamente captante do contraste iodado, que se estendia para o interior da cavidade nasal esquerda. RM não adicionou novas informações. Foi realizado segundo procedimento cirúrgico por via naso-etmoidal, com ressecção incompleta da lesão. A ressecção completa foi possível através de re-operação por craniotomia bifrontobasal. O diagnóstico histopatológico de schwannoma foi realizado através de microscopia óptica convencional e confirmado por técnica de imuno-histoquímica, utilizando o anticorpo para proteína S-100. A raridade deste tumor, seus aspectos clínicos, radiológicos e histológicos justificam esta publicação.

Intracranial schwannoma not related to cranial nerves are unusual and rarely found in the subfrontal region. We report a case of olfactory groove schwannoma in a 27-year-old male, who presented with anosmia and headache initiated one year ago. At admission, bilateral papilledema was noted with absense of motor deficits or cranial nerves abnormalities. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed a bifrontal multicystic isodense enhancing mass lesion causing a frontal ventricular horn compression. Radiological features resembled that of a cystic olfactory groove meningioma. Decompressive bifrontal craniotomy was done. One month later, CT demonstrated a homogeneously contrast-enhancing mass in the olfactory groove region who extended into the left nasal cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging did not add more informations. A second surgical procedure was done through a nasoethmoidal approach with incomplete resection of the lesion. The complete tumor resection was only possible in a third surgery through another bifrontal approach. The hystopathological diagnosis of schwannoma was performed by conventional methods and confirmed by immunohistoquemical staining for S-100 protein. The rarity of this tumor and his clinical, radiological and histological aspects justify this publication.